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go / beginner
Snippet

Error Handling: The Go Way

Go handles errors explicitly by returning error values from functions. This pattern forces developers to handle errors at each call site. The error interface has a single method Error() string. errors.New creates a simple error, while fmt.Errorf with %w wraps errors to preserve the original error chain. The nil value represents no error. Always check for errors before using the returned values.

snippet.go
go
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package main
 
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
)
 
func divide(a, b int) (int, error) {
if b == 0 {
return 0, errors.New("division by zero")
}
return a / b, nil
}
 
func divideWithMessage(a, b int) (int, error) {
if b == 0 {
return 0, fmt.Errorf("cannot divide %d by zero: %w", a, errors.New("invalid divisor"))
}
return a / b, nil
}
 
func main() {
result, err := divide(10, 2)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("Error:", err)
return
}
fmt.Println("Result:", result)
 
// Handling wrapped error
_, err = divideWithMessage(5, 0)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("Wrapped error:", err)
}
}
Breakdown
1
func divide(a, b int) (int, error)
Returns int result and error - Go's error handling convention
2
if b == 0 { return 0, errors.New(...) }
Return zero value and error when invalid input occurs
3
return a / b, nil
Return result and nil error on success
4
fmt.Errorf("...%w...", err)
%w verb creates wrapped error preserving error chain for errors.Is/As