Variables and Primitive Data Types

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Variables and Primitive Data Types

C++ provides several primitive data types for storing different kinds of values. int stores whole numbers like 42. double stores decimal numbers like 3.14159. char stores single characters like 'A'. bool stores true/false values. Choosing the right type ensures efficient memory use and prevents bugs. Variables must be declared with a type before use.

snippet.cpp
cpp
#include <iostream>
int main() {
    int wholeNumber = 42;
    double pi = 3.14159;
    char grade = 'A';
    bool isActive = true;
    
    std::cout << "Number: " << wholeNumber << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Pi: " << pi << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Grade: " << grade << std::endl;
    std::cout << "Active: " << isActive << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

Breakdown

int wholeNumber = 42;

Integer type for whole numbers, typically 4 bytes

double pi = 3.14159;

Double precision floating-point for decimal numbers

char grade = 'A';

Character type for single letters, symbols, or digits

bool isActive = true;

Boolean type that stores true (1) or false (0)

<< operator

Stream insertion operator used with std::cout for output

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