Universal Quantification with the ALL Predicate

Snippet

Universal Quantification with the ALL Predicate

The ALL predicate compares a scalar value against every value in a subquery's result set. It returns true only if the comparison holds for every row, providing a concise way to implement universal quantification logic.

snippet.sql
sql
SELECT project_id
FROM projects
WHERE budget > ALL (
    SELECT avg_cost 
    FROM regional_benchmarks
);

Breakdown

WHERE budget > ALL (...)

The predicate ensures the budget is strictly greater than every single value returned by the subquery.

SELECT avg_cost FROM regional_benchmarks

A subquery generating the set of values for the universal comparison.

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Universal Quantification with the ALL Predicate

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